Cell Phines Chould Not Be Allowed in School Essay Example

Cell Phines Chould Not Be Allowed in School Essay Example Cell Phines Chould Not Be Allowed in School Paper Cell Phines Chould Not Be Allowed in School Paper Cell phones are wireless phones that most people use now. First they used the home phone which is still used in different countries in the world. In 1834 a man named Michael Faraday, was studying if space could conduct electricity and he came with the idea to develop the cell phone. Cell phones are now used everywhere by anyone, even kids. This brings a problem, CELL PHONES in school. Cell phones should not be allowed in school. Cell phone has a harmful effect on teenagers. Student at high school should not be allowed with cell phones due to certain circumstances. There are many disadvantages derived from the uses of cell phones by high school students. Although cell phones are great they need to be banned from schools. Society has come to a point where the idea of living without cell phones seems absurd that they can’t be without cell phone. The usage of mobile phones has provided evidence of them being used for both positive purposes and negative reasons. Student’s desire cell phones in order to sustain contact with friends, but the parents of students wants their children to have cell phones with them for security purposes. But talking about security the students can also be in danger, and also affecting them in their studies? Cell phones carry multiple benefits, but with this technology lies a dualism that goes precariously between the benefits and negative effects of cell phone usage especially with students. In the case of school emergencies, cell phones can prove more of a hindrance than a help. Cell phones have been used to call in bomb threats. Tracking a cell phone is not easily done. Also, students use of cell phones in a school emergency can possibly trigger a real bomb if an explosive device is on the schools property. Students are affected because instead they learn they are copying, texting in class, receiving calls during class, they are being distracted. Cell Phones should not be allowed in High School. Although mobile phones have taken over society, they have been around for several decades. In the late 1940 they discovered that the technology that would be used for cell phones, created and the idea of a mobile phone was introduced. The first mobile phones, referred to as First Generation or 1G, were introduced to the public market in 1983. However, the 1G cell phone was the size of a large briefcase and very inconvenient and uncomfortable but people did not care. During the 1990s, there was a great improvement made in the mobile phone technology. These phones used Second Generation, or 2G technology. The Second Generation cellular phone technology was much faster and much quieter than its analog predecessor. This new technology also made the cell phones capable of being smaller rather than the large briefcase-sized from the 1980s. In today’s society the cell phone has not only help us in communication but also as a treat to our students. The cell phone is now a huge distraction to our students in the class room and even causing accidents on the high way due to lack of attention. Teenagers and cell phones they seem to be inseparable these days. For example when you go to the mall or places that you could find students it is hard to grasp their attention due to the fact that they are either talking on the phone or text messaging each other. Cell phones and school may not be a good combination, although they are helpful in communication, but why would someone need to be in a conversation while at school? Why not use the school community phone? We have seen that cell phones are helpful but they need to be banned from school. Students use Cell phones to cheat in school and are not learning. Cell phones enable students to take a picture of tests and answers. Cell phones are good for an emergency but it also has its bad part. If there is an emergency at the school, students may not pass along correct information rather giving wrong information. Also there are school phones that can be used for terrorism, as for call for bomb threats and explosions. It has the potential to detonate real bombs with their signals and can explode and kill the entire school. There is distraction in class in which other students are not learning because they are texting, answering calls, and calling. This also affects the students because they are not grasping what the teacher is lecturing and because of short like abbreviation they are failing test and exams. Students tend to download nudity stuff and forward it to friends (some they don’t like it because it causes a problem). Cell phones are affecting the students in their academic performance and teenagers have become addicted to it. Students are rather cheating than studying. Since cheating has become such a large threat in schools with the expanding use of the internet and the availability of so many resources, cell phones can easily be used to pass on information to other students. Students can send test pictures, answers or even websites where they can find the work. This is not fair because as some students struggle to study some are just copying. Although they are copying they don’t know that they are the ones who will suffer the consequences. Students, who are receiving higher grades through cheating, make it far more difficult for other students who are truly putting their best effort. Students are not learning if they are using the phone to cheat. Despite the admission of cell phones being used by students for emergencies, this is no excuse. If something is urgent and the student take its phone to school, Then that student is responsible to put his/her cell phone on silence and have the opportunity to get up and go outside without distracting the other students who are interesting in school work. If the student has an emergency, don’t you think that they should discuss the problem with the school counselor? Plus if they need to call this can easily be achieved by phoning their parents directly from school. Cell phones are distraction in class when learning is taken place. Many schools in higher crime areas began banning cell phones long time, due to the business of illegal drugs and other gang-related activities. Students can be able to order and use illegal drugs during school hours and could have them delivered right to the school before the end of the day. This made it more convenient for the children because they are at school and away from the prying eyes of their parent. In the case of bomb threats at school, the threat itself was probably called into the school on a cell phone because of these devices; they cannot be traced by law enforcement officials. In other words to trace a bomb in a cell phone is difficult and to evacuate an entire school it’s kind of hard. While most of these threats turn out to be hoaxes, a real bomb could possibly be detonated by cell phone usage. Also if the teenagers take phones to school, not every student will remember to put his/her phone on vibration, this can leads to classes interruption by the occasionally ring tones which leads in annoying the teacher and interrupt the class and plus the other students who want to learn. Yes they will receive texts from their parents and to see if they are okay but, if students put the phone on vibrate it also interrupt the class, why? Because there are different models of phones and for each one, the vibrations are somehow loud and also interrupt the class. If students also take phones to school and if there is a call the students will want to know from whom the call is coming from and will cause distraction to the class, to him and this would be disrespect to the lecturer. It will be disrespect because the lecturer is teaching and you won’t be paying any attention than to your phone. This will cause the student with the phone to lose focus and valuable information being lectured by the teacher. Cell phone makes students to practice and engaging in criminal activities, which lead them to have less time for school work causing the school and students to be both involved and being affected. . High school student are achieving poorly in terms of their academic records and in some major subject. Students are spending more time on cell phones than on their school work. This makes them to achieve poorly at school because their focus is on phones. Moreover, students with cell phones are not able to maintain good writing skills because if the result of short like abbreviated words used in texting. During formal writings as in a exam or test, they are below grade level because they use the words that they practice when they send texts messages to friends or relatives. In this case like this students are struggling to get a good grade better than a 70% in writing. It is the view that most student send messages are in short like abbreviated. Against that is the view that student are not able to maintain good writing skills is the result of short like abbreviated words used during texting. Students get accustom in using short like abbreviation and when writing school work it affects them because it is improper English causing them to fail. This will also affect the student in the future, when they are applying for a job or trying to write a letter to their boss for a sickness or job application letter. This will show that you are not capable to do this type of job. This is caused because students are now using short like abbreviation. Students can do research through their phones in the internet and do not need to use a computer but, while using the internet the student might be texting, which is a big distraction because although they don’t see the other students is looking at him, he is also distracted. School administrators do not approve cell phone because they are in school and because what literally student’s go is to learn. Students can take pictures in the locker room and putting them in the Internet, this will bring problems to the school and the student. problem these days with texting (sending nude or pornographic sex messages) in the schools. Students can become distracted during class by trying to download and texting one another instead of listening to the instructor. Students tend to be downloading music and pornographic videos which also cause distraction. Not only pornographic stuff, but also sending answers to those students who have not students, then the students are not learning nor studying. Cell phone is affecting students in one way or another. Conclusion As the argument between if cell phones should be or should be not accepted in school, school officials and concerned parents are revising this issue. Some school administrators have made suggestions that students keep their cell phones in school but have it turn it off. Officers and some parents have some doubt about this because even though the students have their cell phones turn off, it doesn’t matter if they will have it in vibration there will be distraction of class, If they have the phone of course students will turn on the phone. Every time he/she have a call they will want to see from whom it is, that is already disruption of class. The benefit of mobile phones is instant communication but one thing, this is totally unnecessary in a classrooms. In addition cell phones will cause distraction and secondary problems that will lead the student to drop out of school.

Process of Becoming a Climax Community

Process of Becoming a Climax Community A climax community by is a relatively stable and undisturbed biological community of animals, plants, and fungi that have evolved into a steady state of development which secures the stability of all the collective  communities. Through a natural successional  process of instability, all individual  organism ecosystems simultaneously transition  through a series of more stabilizing stages where they all finally maintain their individual positions in the community and where they become stable from egg and seed to maturity. So, all biotic communities on earth engage in a forward-moving evolutionary process that takes place in several major defined steps or stages. Until climax completion, these transitional  stages are each called a serial stage or a  sere.  In other words, a sere is an intermediate stage found in  ecological succession  in an ecosystem advancing towards a particular organisms  climax community. In many cases, there is more than one serial stage to pass through before  climax conditions are attained. A serial community is a name given to each group of biota within the succession. A  primary succession  describes primarily the plant communities that occupy a site that has not previously been vegetated. These plants can also be described as the vegetative  pioneer community.   Defining Plant Succession To understand a climax plant community, you must first understand plant succession which is simply the replacement of one plant community by another. This can occur when soils and sites are so harsh that few plants can survive and takes a very long time for plants to establish a root-hold to begin the process of succession.  When destructive agents like fire, flood and insect epidemic destroy an existing plant community, plant establishment can happen very rapidly. Primary plant succession starts on raw unvegetated land and usually  exists as a sand dune, an earth slide, a lava flow, a rock surface or a retreating glacier. It is obvious that these harsh conditions for plants would take eons for this type of exposed earth to decompose to support higher plants (with the exception of the earth slide which would start plant succession fairly quickly). Secondary plant succession generally starts on a site where some disturbance has set back a previous succession. The sere  can be continually setback which then lengthens the period to a potential  final plant community climax condition. Agricultural practices, periodic logging, pest epidemics, and wildland fire are the most common agents of secondary plant succession setbacks. Can You Define a Climax Forest? A plant community that is dominated by trees representing the last stage of natural succession  for that specific locality and environment, to some, is considered a climax forest. The name usually given to any particular climax forest is the name of the primary existing tree species and or its regional location. To be a climax forest, the trees growing within a particular geographic region should remain essentially unchanged in terms of species composition for as long as the site remains undisturbed. But, is this really a climax forest or just another late sere  that has avoided disturbance the longest. Do foresters who only manage trees over decades know enough to determine a climax forest and assume it to be the equivalent of late-stage succession? Should speculative ecologists conclude that there can never be a climax forest because cyclical disturbance (both natural and human-caused) will always be a constant in North American forests? The Climax Debate Is Still With Us The first published discussion(s) on the existence of climax communities started nearly a century ago with foundational papers written by two ecologists, Frederick Clements, and Henry Gleason. Their ideas were debated over decades and definitions of a climax changed with a greater understanding of a new science called ecology. Political winds also confused the topic with terms like virgin forests and old-growth forests. Today, most ecologists agree that climax communities are not common in the real world. They also agree that most exist in space and time and can be observed on large  time scales of many decades and on wide ranges of an  area, from a dozen acres to thousands of acres. Others believe that there can never be a real climax community because of constant disturbance over time. Foresters have adopted a silviculturally practical approach when managing large stable communities of climax tree species. They use and name a climax forest to be the final sere in terms of the stabilization of major tree species. These conditions are observed on a human timescale and can maintain specific tree species and other plants over hundreds of years. Examples of some of these are:   The coniferous forests of the Pacific Northwest.The wetlands  in North America.The redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) forests.Beech-maple of the North American Northeast.

Green acres seed company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Green acres seed company - Assignment Example This is called the awareness stage which highly target audience to be reached rather than the aim of marketing in the websites which the visitors do not have interest in. Through marketing of Green acres seed Company using the modern technology of marketing, the company retargets those who visit the website thus keeping the products top of the mind. The company uses test messaging to convince the farmers about the seed company explaining the different varieties of seeds available with their prices. The market structures of Green acres seed Company is the seller concentration, the degree of buyer concentration, the brands differentiation and the condition of entry to the market. The company has adopted a high seller concentration which means that the seller supply is about 90% to make it available to those who want the seeds. Due to competitors, the company has adopted a pricing strategy to make sure that the products remain in the market despite competition in the market. For example green acres company has survival means in the market when there is price war, market decline or market saturation. Green acres seed Company has temporarily set a price which covers the cost when the prices of the seeds tend to be low so that the company can continue with the operation. The company provides products with low cost due to the market differentiation from the competitors, but the most important thing is good and high quality seeds that have a high germination percentage. high quality products makes the customer to consider green acres company products though people consider the most expensive products as high quality products (Kent 2003). Green Acres Company usually maximizes the quantity of the product this is because the company focuses on reducing long term costs. The approach is used because the company is well funded by the founders and the investors. Green Acres Company may also maximize quantity so as to maximize market

ACT 23 The US Govenment and the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ACT 23 The US Govenment and the Economy - Essay Example According to the model, C indicates consumption by consumers, X and M represent exports and imports respectively. The ‘I’ and ‘G’ represent government investment and government spending respectively. It is impossible to compute the GDP without considering the government’s investment in the public sector and its spending. Government’s investments take the form of gross capital formation and final consumption expenditure. For example, government investment in gross capital formation entails investing on projects that ought to derive future benefits to the public such as infrastructure. On the other hand, investments on final consumption entail purchasing goods and services that ought to satisfy the public’s immediate needs. The government’s spending forms the third component of the GDP model. Spending in this case refers to the act of obtaining and releasing money to the economy. Such a phenomenon is referred to as the fiscal policy. The government controls the monetary system through treasury bonds and bills. The government sells the treasury bonds and bills to the public to reduce the amount of funds in the economy. On the other hand, the government may buy the treasury bonds and bills from the public to increase the amount of funds in the economy. As such, the government controls the flow of money by trading on the treasury bonds and bills. The government’s role in the economy should not cease. In fact, its role ought to increase. This is possible through the monetary policy. The government has control over the flow of funds in the economy. In addition, the flow of funds in the economy dictates economic growth. However, such flow ought to be kept at a manageable level to avoid inflation or slow economic growth in the case of excessive funds and a deficit respectively. The government ought to apply stringent measures to control how commercial banks implement the monetary policy. The public ought to access funds at a

How Social Media Influences Your Shopping Essay Example for Free

How Social Media Influences Your Shopping Essay At the present time social media is the one of the most powerful ways to shop and advertise online via the use of web-based and mobile technologies; it transforms online communication into an interactive dialogue. Quester, Pettigrew and Hawkins (2011) defined social media as â€Å"media for social interaction, using highly accessible and scalable communication techniques.† According to Vithoulkas, social media is more than just the hardware or software which enables it, instead he argues that it is more of a philosophy of communication where honest and transparency is required and information is shared and has the potential to â€Å"spread virally very quickly†. For the consumer, social media can be a continual bombardment of advertising and promotion every time we use communication modes, such as the internet or mobile, which may be infuriating for the consumer but increases the market exposure for the seller. This report intends to analyse the effectiveness of social media in influencing the general population to purchase more than presently before. When large companies, such as Pepsi, invest 50% of their annual advertising budget into Social Media it is obviously a worthy idea for the discussion of marketing professionals worldwide. The buyer behaviour system has been challenged in ranges of high involvement and low involvement alike. Consumer control is now the focus of consumption, when before it was heavily regulated institutionally. Although social media is an inescapable part of every day life it cannot be assumed that it will replace other forms of communication. A great number of people of all ages use social networking sites before purchasing a product, especially in high involvement purchases. Seidma (2010, p11) has demonstrated that the large majority of people are engaged in some form of social media, showing its considerable societal acceptance; Marketing magazine online tells us that â€Å"Facebook has more than 400 million active users. Every minute, 24 hours of video is uploaded to YouTube. An estimated 5–10 thousand Twitter accounts are opened per day,† showing that when information is directly found by a population 20 times that of Australia there is serious product awareness to gain . Quester et al. (2011) stated that there are fives stages of decisions making processes prior to making the choice in buying a product or service. These include problem recognition, information search, evaluation and selection, store choice and purchase and post purchase processes. When consumers’ recognise a need or identify a problem which may exist, they then undertake an information search on the product or service with their behaviour influenced by internal and external factors, Consumers evaluate the various alternatives after they have gathered all information, and afterwards they make a selection of retail outlets for the actual purchase of the good or service. Lastly, the consumer compares the product performance against their expectations and decide whether they satisfied or dissatisfied with it. In last few decades, traditional media such as television, radio, newspaper has been the only way to promote and communicate with the target market, but now it appears that the trend has changed. As seen in diagram one (below) consumer control is now the driver in the marketing segment. As seen in chart one (below), it can be seen that on average people spend more time when choosing and product and general spend more money, suggesting that when purchasing online the products will be a high involvement purchase. Marketing Magazine online tell us â€Å"For 35% of shoppers, the process starts with online search; 30% of consumers read user reviews on retailer websites as a part of the shopping process.† In the U.S.A. alone there are 95 million people who admit to frequently using social-media in their purchase decisions. Hub Magazine found that more than 40% of American adults currently use social media as part of their shopping experiences, with further data showing most consumers increased in use of social media for shopping within an annual period. Hub magazine also found that 39% have strongly agreed with the statement that ‘they can learn a lot more about a brand by seeing what everyday people are saying about it online’ in comparison with only 22% percent of non-social media shoppers agreeing with the statement. This clealy shows us that Social Media can obviously affect buying habits. However, social media may not be the first choice for every business or organisation for their marketing strategy. In December 2009, COM Score released a report of their customer survey that showed peoples views on social media in comparison to traditional forms of media. Overall, they found that 28% of respondents were likely to notice advertising on social media and less than that 23% are likely to trust the advertisements they notice. Those numbers put social media websites at #5 on the list behind television, print, news and corporate websites. In the same findings it also showed that only 28% of those who had began their holiday shopping this season indicated that social media has influenced their purchases specifically consumers said their influences were: †¢ Reading a consumer-generated product review (13% of respondents) †¢ Reading an expert product review (11 %)  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Following a fan page on Face book to take advantage of special offers and deals (7%) †¢ Influence by a friend’s Face book status update referring to a particular product (6%) †¢ Following a company on Twitter to take advantage of special offers and deals (5%) †¢ A friend’s â€Å"tweet† about a product influenced their purchase behaviour (3%) Given the exposure to the internet that we in the western world undergo every day versus time spend watching television, it is odd that only 13% saw the high consumer involvement in reading reviews of products. What is even stranger is that these consumers have shifted from trusting expert reviews to peer reviews. In traditional media reputable sources were usually quoted to give weight to a certain product. It seems in the days of social media, peer influence has replaced the trustworthiness of reputable sources. Thus changing the buyer behaviour process. Social Media may influence and change the buyer behaviour process but it is not necessarily a replacement for tradition media. Although it is a change to the normal standards of media, it will never replace traditional media given the system of interaction in our society. The interesting thing, as discussed in this essay, is the change in the high involvement purchase process and the consumer control over purchases. It is effective to some degree, given the right target audience and consumer group, but in our society with the lack of general literacy (21.1% of the world are internet literate) and dramatic choices for consumers it is not the answer to the change of the consumer buyer process.

Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat Essay

Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat Karl Marx's Communist Manifesto was most appealing to and revolutionary for the industrial workers of 1848 (and those to come after that time). The call for unification of the proletariat and abolishment of the Bourgeoisie was an urgent one during a time of rapid progress in all aspects of industrial life. This urgency of The Communist Manifesto and the desire for change of political ideologies (to match the exponential rate of progress of wealth and industry) created not only a spate of revolutions, but a long lasting change in political ideas for industrialized European nations. The Communist Manifesto created a sense of unity and class awareness throughout the proletariat, thus they were able to recognize their power politically, socially and economically. Naturally, with the sudden rise of industry (particularly in England) other sectors of the European economy were affected. Cottage industries were put out of business by competition from manufactured goods and agricultural workers migrated to the cities. Not only did the farming economy change drastically, but the urban setting where migrants came for employment expanded rapidly. These changes in labor practices and the economic landscape as a whole were most unsettling and unfair for the industrial workers of the 184 0's. Conditions were often poor and a very distinct line was drawn between rich and poor, factor owner and factory laborer. "Industrial workers, increasingly tied to the pace of machinery, found it more and more difficult to control their work processes; they had to work ten or twelve (or more) hours nearly every day on schedules fixed by factory owners."(1) The oppressed industrial... ... utopian vision for a classless, productive, industrial society that was beneficial to all, the mere recognition of strength in numbers and class solidarity were fundamentally effective and paved the way not only for future governments but for future laborers. Works Cited Blackford, Mansel G. Labor in the Industrial Revolution {Introduction} derived from Exploring the European Past Thompson Learning Custom Publishing, 2002 Engels, Fredrick Conditions of the Working Class in England, ed. Eric Hobsbawin (London 1969), 39-40, 41-42 Hunt, Lyn The Making of the West: Peoples and Cultures, Volume II, Bedford/ St. Martin's 2001 Marx, Karl The Communist Manifesto translated by Samuel Moore, 1888 Saddler Committee Report exerpted from Parliamenary Papers: Reports from Committees, Vol 15, Labor of Children in Factories (London: House of Commons, 1832)

Government of Pakistan Essay

The Government of Pakistan is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a centralized governing authority of the four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the State of Pakistan. The order of operations constitutes a Westminster system, and it comprises three branches of government: the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary. The executive branch is headed by the Prime Minister of Pakistan, who is a chief executive (Head of Government) and exercises his or her power on officers subordinate to him or her. The President of Pakistan is merely afigurehead and Head of State who is a civilian commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces and holds ceremonial powers to fulfill the constitutional requirements; the President’s appointment and tenure is dependent, constitutionally, on the Prime Minister’s term. The Parliament(Legislature) consists of a lower house (National Assembly) and an upper house (Senate), as well as the President. The judicial branch consists of aSupreme Court (its apex), five provisional high courts, numerous other district courts a specially designated anti-terrorism court, a Sharia court, and the Green Court. The Electoral College, composed of the Senate, the National Assembly, and the four Provincial Assemblies, chooses a President, through indirect elections, for a five-year term. The Prime Minister is a supreme leader of the majority party (or director of the coalition government) in the National Assembly and is assisted by a cabinet of ministers d rawn from both chambers of the Parliament. Recent history The National Assembly elections that were held in October 2002. On 3 November 2007 President Musharraf suspended Pakistan’s constitution by declaring a state of emergency. In the general elections held in February 2008, the party of slain leader Benazir Bhutto, Pakistan Peoples Party Parliamentarians (PPPP) won 123 seats in the National Assembly while the Pakistan Muslim League (N) of former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif won 91 seats in the National Assembly. President Musharaf’s ally party Pakistan Muslim League (Q) (PML-Q) came third with 54 seats. After the elections the People’s Party Parliamentarian and the Pakistan Muslim League Nawaz announced a coalition to form the new government along with the Awami National Party (ANP). Pakistan’s new parliament elected the country’s first female speaker on 19 March 2008 from the Pakistan Peoples Party: Fahmida Mirza. Allies of President Pervez Musharraf withdrew their candidate for Pakistan’s Prime Minister, Farooq Sattar, and the coalition chose Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani as the Prime Minister of Pakistan, who was sworn in on 25 March 2008 by President Pervez Musharraf.[5] On 7 August 2008, the Pakistan Peoples Party and the Pakistan Muslim League (N) agreed to force Musharraf to step down and thus, begin his impeachment. Asif Ali Zardari, Rehman Malik, Altaf Hussain and Nawaz Sharif announced sending a formal request or joint charge sheet that he steps down, and impeach him through parliamentary process upon refusal. Musharraf accordingly delayed his departure for the Beijing Olympics by a day. Currently, the seat of Prime Minister was occupied by caretaker Mir Hazar Khan Khoso, who was appointed by the Election Commission of Pakistan on 24 March 2013, following the completion of the Pakistan Peoples Party-led government’s term the same year. Assemblies * Senate of Pakistan * National Assembly * Provincial Assembly Senate of Pakistan The Senate is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of Pakistan. Elections are held every three years for one half of the Senateand each Senator has a term of six years. If the office of the President of Pakistan becomes vacant, or the President is unable to perform his functions, the Chairman of the Senate acts as President until a President is elected. National Assembly The Pakistani National Assembly is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Senate (upper house). The National Assembly and the Senate both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. Provincial Assembly A Member of the Provincial Assembly, or MPA, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to the legislature or legislative assembly of a subnational jurisdiction. In Pakistan, the members are elected by the voters in provinces for a term of five years. Federal government * Federal ministries Provincial governments * Balochistan * Islamabad Capital Territory * Khyber Pakhtunkhwa * Punjab * Sindh * Kashmir * Gilgit–Baltistan Local governments * Districts * Tehsils * Union Councils * Divisions (abolished in August 2000) Kashmir governments * Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir * Northern Areas Government President and Parliament Under Article 50 of the Constitution, the Majlis-i-Shoora (Parliament) of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as the National Assembly and the Senate. The President is elected by members of both Houses of the Parliament and the Provincial Assemblies. The President may be removed from office or impeached through a resolution, passed by not less than two-thirds of the total membership of the Parliament in a joint sitting of the two Houses, convened for the purpose. The Constitution empowers the President to dissolve the National Assembly in his discretion if a situation has arisen in which the Government of the Federation cannot be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution and an appeal to the electorate is necessary. The President in case of dissolution of National Assembly shall within fifteen days of the dissolution refer the matter to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court shall decide the reference within thirty days whose decision shall be final. However, the Senate is not subject to dissolution. In case the office of the President becomes vacant for any reason, the Chairman, or if he is unable to perform the functions of the office of the President, the Speaker, acts as President till such time that a President is elected. Same is the case when the President by reason of absence from Pakistan or any other cause is unable to perform his functions. Cabinet The Constitution provides that there shall be a Cabinet headed by the Prime Minister which is collectively responsible to the National Assembly. The Prime Minister is chosen from the National Assembly. The Federal Ministers and Ministers of State are appointed from amongst the members of Parliament. However, the number of Federal Ministers and Ministers of State who are members of Senate, shall not at any time, exceed one fourth of the numbers of Federal Ministers. Parliament and Federal Government The bicameral federal legislature is the Majlis-i-Shoora (Council of Advisers), consisting of the Senate (upper house) and National Assembly (lower house). Members of the National Assembly are elected by universal adult suffrage (over eighteen years of age in Pakistan). Seats are allocated to each of the four provinces, the Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Islamabad Capital Territory on the basis of population. National Assembly members serve for the parliamentary term, which is five years, unless they die or resign sooner, or unless the National Assembly is dissolved. Although the vast majority of the members are Muslim, about 5 percent of the seats are reserved for minorities, including Christians, Hindus, and Sikhs. Elections for minority seats are held on the basis of joint electorates at the same time as the polls for Muslim seats during the general elections. The prime minister is appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly. The prime minister is assisted by the Federal Cabinet, a council of ministers whose members are appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister. The Federal Cabinet comprises the ministers, ministers of state, and advisers. The Senate is a permanent legislative body with equal representation from each of the four provinces, elected by the members of their respective provincial assemblies. There are representatives from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas and from Islamabad Capital Territory. The chairman of the Senate, under the constitution, is next in line to act as president should the office become vacant and until such time as a new president can be formally elected. Both the Senate and the National Assembly can initiate and pass legislation except for finance bills. Only the National Assembly can approve the federal budget and all finance bills. In the case of other bills, the president may prevent passage unless the legislature in joint sitting overrules the president by a majority of members of both houses present and voting. Other offices and bodies having important roles in the federal structure include the attorney general, the auditor general, the Federal Land Commission, the Federal Public Service Commission, Election Commission of Pakistan, and the Wafaqi Mohtasib (Ombudsman). Provincial Governments Pakistan’s four provinces enjoy considerable autonomy. Each province has a governor, a Council of Ministers headed by a chief minister appointed by the governor, and a provincial assembly. Members of the provincial assemblies are elected by universal adult suffrage. Provincial assemblies also have reserved seats for minorities. Although there is a well-defined division of responsibilities between federal and provincial governments, there are some functions on which both can make laws and establish departments for their execution. Most of the services in areas such as health, education, agriculture, and roads, for example, are provided by the provincial governments. Although the federal government can also legislate in these areas, it only makes national policy and handles international aspects of those services. Elections in Pakistan At the national level, Pakistan elects a bicameral legislature, the Parliament of Pakistan, which consists of a directly elected National Assembly of Pakistan and a Senate, whose members are chosen by elected provincial legislators. The Prime Minister of Pakistan is elected by the National Assembly. The President is elected by the Electoral college, which consists of both houses of Parliament together with the provincial assemblies. In addition to the national parliament and the provincial assemblies, Pakistan also has more than five thousand elected local governments. Elections in Pakistan are conducted under the supervision of Election Commission of Pakistan. The country offers a multi-party system, with numerous parties. Frequently, no single party holds a majority, and therefore parties must form alliances during or after elections, with coalition governments forming out of negotiations between parties. The Parliament of Pakistan consists of the President and two Houses to be known respectively as National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly consists of 342 Seats including 60 seats reserved for Women and 10 Seats reserved for Non-Muslims. The Senate consists of 100 Members including 17 Seats reserved for Women and 17 Seats reserved for Technocrats and Ulema. The Members of the National Assembly are elected for a term of 5 years whereas the Members of the Senate are elected for a term of 6 years with staggered elections every 3 years.

Quality Service Literature

a. ) Local Literature b. ) Foreign |Literature Parasuraman et al. (1985) argued that evaluation of service quality is difficult as compared to physical goods. Physical existence of goods facilitates the customers to buy them due to its aesthetic characteristics. Services are considered as intangible because we are unable to see, touch or feel them (Hoffman and Bateson, 2002). Hanson (2000) suggested that service quality shows the organization's ability to meet customers' desires and needs.So organization must improve their services to meet the customers' wants and requirements. It is found that customers' perception of service quality is very important for managers to compete in the market (Hoffman and Bateson, 2002). Morre (1987) identified that concentration on service quality leads to differentiation that enhance the competitive position of the organization for long term benefits. Service quality and customer satisfaction became core issues for the successful survival of any servi ce organization.Service quality is considered very important indicator towards customer satisfaction (Spreng and Machoy, 1996). Service quality got popularity among professionals and academia due to increased competition. It contributes a lot to gain competitive advantage to maintain long-term relationship with customers (Zeithmal et al. 2000) Asubonteng et al. (1996) defined service quality as the difference between customers' expectations about the service before its use and their perceptions after receiving the service.Quality factors vary from one to another in reference to the importance and their impact on the satisfaction level of the customers. It was found that specific activities like increasing the speed of processing information have resulted in delighted customers. Similarly, improvement in the reliability of equipment lessened dissatisfaction (Johnston, 1997). However, it was reported that service quality is the subjective comparison between what the customers require and what they actually get (Gefan, 2002). . ) Local studies d. ) Foreign studies There are two perspectives regarding service quality i. e. one is European and other is Americans. European researchers concentrate on functional and technical aspects of services having a keen analysis of organization's image (Gronroos, 1982, 1984; Lehthinen and Lehthinen, 1982). They focus on three dimensions of service quality to measure the performance of any product by considering functional quality, technical quality and corporate image.Service quality is defined as a discrepancy between expected and perceived service. It is said that service quality is the outcome of customers' comparison between expectations and performance (Gronroos, 1982). The Americans' perspective is concentration on functional quality to measure the performance of services (Parasuraman et al. 1985, 1988, 1991; Kang and James, 2004). They investigated the service quality of different industries by dividing the service qualit y into five dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy.Firstly, they identified ten dimensions but finally service quality is refined to five dimensions (Parasuraman et al. 1985, 1991). Ibanez et al. (2006) investigated service quality dimensions and found a significant effect of service quality on satisfaction in Spain. In another study, a conceptual framework to measure service quality from the customer's perspective is empirically tested for convergent validity, uni-dimensionality and reliability (Saravanan and Rao, 2007). e. ) Relevance of the presence

Maus vs. Art essays

Maus vs. Art essays How Maus Compares to Contemporary Art Maus is a book that is very much unlike any other story. Maus is a gripping story of the holocaust and a man that tells a story about what he went through at Auschwitz, the famous death camp. The story is presented in comic book form instead in the form of a novel, and the characters, instead of being humans are drawn as animals. This is a very clever idea because each group of characters is a different animal group. For example, the jews are characterized as mice, the Germans as cats, the French as frogs and the polish as pigs. This helps the reader to understand better what is going on. This book can be compared to two contemporary artists that we studied in class. The first artist that uses a style similar to the one in Maus is Roy Lichtenstein. Lichtensteins career was mainly based on his technique of taking specific sections out of comics and enlarging them to portray a certain theme. If Roy Lichtenstein had picked this book up he could have had a field day with it, because there are so many controversial parts of the story. There are many gruesome scenes in this book that if they were singled out and blown up, they would be very controversial just by themselves. I had trouble trying to find another artist that we talked about in class that had pieces that could be easily compared to those of Maus. Cindy Sherman, eventhough she didnt do anything with comics, I think that she had something in common with the book. Cindy Sherman was famous for her photography, and made many breakthroughs in contemporary photography in the 1970s. The reason I think that her work is similar because in her pictures she would use props and costumes to create controversial pictures. This reminded me of the author in Maus and how he was wearing a mouse mask so he could see things like the mice did and get a better idea of what he was writing about. I think that this book ...

3 Types of Extended Phrasal Adjectives

3 Types of Extended Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Extended Phrasal Adjectives 3 Types of Extended Phrasal Adjectives By Mark Nichol Each of the following sentences includes a phrasal adjective (two or more words that modify a noun) consisting of several words, and each requires hyphenation missing from that phrase. Discussion after each example explains the problem, and revisions demonstrate solutions. 1. These remain front and center priorities for organizations. When a phrase structured as â€Å"[blank] and [blank]† and serving to modify a noun precedes the noun, hyphenate the three words: â€Å"These remain front-and-center priorities for organizations.† However, no hyphenation is necessary when the phrase follows the noun: â€Å"These priorities remain front and center for organizations.† 2. This guide includes a special supplement on the first of its kind regulation requiring certification and screening programs. The same holds true for any more extensive phrase providing more details about a noun that follows the phrase- hyphenate the phrase into a unified chain: â€Å"This guide includes a special supplement on the first-of-its-kind regulation requiring certification and screening programs.† Again, omit hyphens when the phrase follows the noun: â€Å"This guide includes a special supplement on the regulation, the first of its kind, requiring certification and screening programs.† 3. It was a wrong place, wrong time situation for me. When a phrase that represents or alludes to a standing expression precedes a noun, as in the abridgment of the sentiment â€Å"[One] was in the wrong place at the wrong time† in the example above, string the phrase together with hyphens, deleting any punctuation internal to the phrase: â€Å"It was a wrong-place-wrong-time situation for me.† Once again, omit hyphens (and retain applicable punctuation) when the phrase follows the noun: â€Å"The situation was a case of wrong place, wrong time for me.† Enclosing the phrase in quotation marks is an alternative (â€Å"It was a ‘wrong place, wrong time’ situation for me†), but this strategy should be reserved for phrasal adjectives of unwieldy length that, because they are part of a direct quote, cannot be relocated after the noun in a revised sentence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Congratulations on or for?3 Types of HeadingsThe "Pied" in The Pied Piper

Summarize an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summarize an - Article Example (Garfinkel) Moreover, developers have no idea about the cybersecurity; therefore they can leave holes in the application to exploit them with the malicious application. We should underline also the fact that even companies themselves use hackers for â€Å"strengthening† their defenses and in the result they teach hackers to override the sophisticated securities. Hacking became more popular within the last decade when the internet became wide-spread when all computers have united in the huge net, where hackers can easily reach victim with the money or with the needed information. Particularly, banks’ structures are open for the hackers’ connection within the idea that users can use internet to fulfill their bank needs. And hackers can do so too, however without the permission of the banks’ staff. It means that in the most cases it is people who create, produce or develop the security means and application are cause to the increasing troubles with the securi ty. Even people who defend computers themselves can help hackers to reach the target; we all know the Iran’s case when the hackers have reached the isolated from the internet